Assignment 1 Trends in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Assignment 1 Trends in the Workplace Essay Predict three (3) human resource functions that are likely to be affected by the implementation of an MRP system. Propose two (2) ways in which you as a human resource manager can help the organization carry out this change successfully. As material resource planning (MRP) involves the initiation of the automation of planning needs for resources, ordering materials, and scheduling tasks to be completed on the shop floor; it is to be expected that certain functions of human resources will be directly affected with the implementation of the MRP system. The first of these would be job analysis which is the process of getting detailed information about the job and job design which involves defining the way work will be performed and the tasks involved in completing those requirements. Obviously the shift from manual process to automation will change the standards for certain task requirements and necessitate the assessment of standards of performance. This leads directly to the affectation of a second human resource function of training and development. Training and development will become a priority as the MRP system will require dedicated orientation to introduce the systems to the employees. This will need to be a well planned undertaking for information, disclosure and inquiry response. Skill development will also need to be provided to prepare the users of the new systems for the task the implementing of automated systems can cause unrest in a business setting so it is important that employee relations and communications be kept transparent making this the third human resource function to be affected as the MRP system is implemented. Two ways in which human resource managers should be prepared to implement this change successfully is to first be fully vested in the resource that is human capital. Human resource managers should be prepared to identify those individuals who have the skill set to complete the transition for the prescribed tasks by clearly stating the task, its objectives and setting realistic goals and attainment periods. Secondly, human resource managers are to make sure the employees progress matches the goals that have been set forth. This is performance management and is critical in a transitional period. Determine three (3) human resource skills that would be important for success in leveraging the new MRP system. An undertaking of the magnitude of the MRP transition will require the use of many human resource management skills. The most important of these skills is the ability to effectively communicate. This includes written communication skills, oral communication skills and both verbal and non verbal skills and active listening can be included here as well. Critical thinking will be needed to make decisions for situations that may arise during the transition as well. Lastly, a strong sense of judgment and decision making abilities will be required. There will no doubt be times human resource managers may be called upon to make instant decisions or implement changes in an effort to complete the transition as complex issues arise. These times will require an aggressive approach to meet the quality and standards of the business. Based on the planned growth of the organization, predict three (3) factors that might impact the organization’s ability to hire new employees that possess the technical skills needed to perform a job. One factor that may have an impact the organizations ability to hire new employees that possess the desired technical skills for the performance of a job is initially recognizing the need to hire or promote a current vacancy. A second factor is determining the relevance of the current job description and whether it is in full alignment with the now automated position. This might require a simple review of the current job analysis paying close attention to the level of skill required for completing the task. Finally, a clear identification of the duties and responsibilities should be presented in order to solicit an eligible workforce. . References Essentials of human resource management. S. Tyson. Elsevier. 2008. 464. Human resource management: contemporary approach. Textbook. J. Beardwell, T. Claydon. Pearson. 2010. 710 p. Whitehill. A. M. Japanese management: tradition and transition. Publisher, Routledge, 1991.

Role of the Narrative in Miltons Lycidas Essay -- Milton Lycidas Essa

Role of the Narrative in Milton's Lycidas  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper focuses on the role of the narrative in the funeral elegy. To start, the concept of the narratee has been most deeply explored by Gerald Prince from a narratological perspective. Narratology is primary concerned with narrative patterns in fiction. In this regard, any attempt to apply the terminology commonly used in reference to fiction (and prose) to poetry seems problematic. One has to account for the differences or the similarities between the genres in order to put the discussion of the narratee in the elegy into its proper perspective. The current trend leans heavily on Bakhtin's study of the structure of the novel. In the Dialogical Imagination, Bakhtin created a sort of dichotomy between the monologic (poetry) and the dialogic. The novel becomes the site of dialogical discourse par excellence (49). But how valid is a wholesome distinction between genres within which there is so much diversity? Doesn't Bakhtin create a dichotomy which pays little consideration to the possibility of polyphony in specific texts regardless of formal classification? It may be time to consider a literary work not as a predetermined product cast in a deterministic mold, but as a dynamic system that transcends the prevailing assumptions that are supposed to define its identity. The formal definitions can be just external to the composition of the text since we cannot expect the reader to know exactly what the author intended to write without falling into the trap of intentional fallacy. To be sure, readers from different backgrounds can "hear" different voices in a text. Readers who are initiated in a particular literary environment may find the prosodic features they hav... ...enius. The death of Lycidas becomes a "national" tragedy. The principle of substitution works here: the poet who reminds his countrymen of the previous life of a dead poet also pleads for himself, seeks visibility through public discourse. In the context of the scarcity of patronage for poets in the seventeenth-century, a poet like Milton had reason to make such a plea by appealing to the puritanical instincts of an audience that would identify with a chaste genius who died in his integrity. The convoluted metaphor of purity is indeed a "wish-fulfilling dream" as Sacks points out (100). Works Cited Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: U of Texas P, 1992. Prince, Gerald. "Introduction to the Study of the Narratee." Poetique 14 (1973): 177-96 (reprinted in English). Sacks, Peter M. The English Elegy. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1985.   

Our Town vs. Steel Magnolias Essay

To the casual observer, Our Town, the theatrical piece by Thornton Wilder, is very different from the cinematic production entitled Steel Magnolias (based on Robert Harling’s original stage play). Due to their differences in setting, characters, and mood, it can be difficult to see the obvious parallels. A more in-depth look at both pieces reveals many similarities in different areas, such as daily life, love, marriage, and death. Despite the fact that Our Town takes place between 1901 and 1913 and Steel Magnolias is set in the late 1980s, an average day in Grover’s Corners is much like one in Chinquapin. Both of these fictional cities demonstrate small-town life. On an ordinary day, in both cities, the newsboys make their morning rounds delivering the daily newspapers to the townspeople. In Chinquapin, the delivery man distributes parcels to their recipients, while the milkman in Grover’s Corners delivers his goods. A skirmish between George and Rebecca Gibbs corresponds to that of Shelby’s brothers, Jonathon and Tommy. This pair of presentational life dramas is alike in relation to love and marriage as well as daily life. Both stories, as a result of love, have wedding components. In both weddings, the grooms feel nervous about their futures. They are overcome by potential feelings of sorrow and abundant happiness. Both of the men want to see their brides on the day of the wedding, and are told that it is bad luck to do so. The parents also demonstrate â€Å"cold feet† by showing that they, too are nervous not only for their children, but also for themselves and the part of their lives that their children occupy. The final way in which these pieces are alike is the most important and profound way. It pertains to life and death, and is expressed in both instances. Both Shelby and Emily die in childbirth, and are succeeded by their husbands, parents, and one child. Though both Our Town and Steel Magnolias are alike in the aforementioned ways, this is also where they differ greatly. It is here that the â€Å"aura† or mood differs. In Our Town, the  tone is sorrowful and shows despair that Emily didn’t stop to notice things she should have. Steel Magnolias did not have what I would describe as a â€Å"happy ending,† but it does give a positive outlook with a â€Å"life goes on† message. In spite of the differences that are obvious between these performance pieces, they are undoubtedly alike in many ways. With the elements of daily life being as they are, the morning commotion and behavior of siblings, each resembling its counterpart, it is safe to say that both authors thought of the same thing when they thought of â€Å"small town life.† The substance of the stories that relate to love and marriage are also like each other, which is no surprise, because it is expected that the bride, groom, and parents are nervous when being part of such a large decision. Also the part death played had a lot to do with the lesson or message that was to be conveyed by these stories. Both of the wives dieing young and leaving behind almost all of their families, especially their children, which are an important factor in the deep-seated message from the authors, shows the value of life and abstruse value of people and nature. For Our Town this message can be simply stated as â€Å"you’ve got to love life to have life, and you’ve got to have life to love life.† Steel Magnolias moral can be expressed by saying that life should be enjoyed while it can, and when it can’t, life goes on.

The Elements Of Globalization And Their Impact On Hr...

The Elements of Globalization and Their Impact on HR Functions For businesses to compete in a global society, they need to integrate their current business structure into a more diverse culture. Since corporations are putting a stronger emphasis on diversity to stay competitive; globalization has impacted how these companies are managing its workforce. Firms that have a perception on the effects that globalization has on its human resources management, will help its managers to become better equipped to help their companies in a business that changes continuously in a global environment. The attributes of the global human resource specialist (GHRS) core competencies are crucial to international corporations. These (GHRS) core competencies give them a competitive edge over others that do not; also it gives the organization an advantage over its competitors. Therefore this paper will analyze the impacts globalization has taken on the human resource function, while including several examples of how these global human resources specialists’ core competencies are able to help their organization stay competitive in a global market. Introduction Corporations, Entrepreneur’s, and Governments are constantly seeking for new procedures and modernization, therefore the monetary and influences framework of the universe will always be functioning (Mzee, 2012). Globalization has effected how the majority of businesses operations such as technological, political, cultural, and economicShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Advantages Of Ict1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental ingredient for globalization. ICT has brought new innovations, techniques, improvements and advanced ways to do business in a speedily manner. ICT in HRM: Information Technology(IT) has its impact on all sectors in terms of Human Resource Mangement(HRM) to certain extent, the types of IT used in recruitment, maintenance and development tasks. Technology and HRM have a broad range of influences upon each other, and HR professionals haveRead MoreLink Between Strategic Management and Leadership1199 Words   |  5 PagesPROGRAMME TITLE: Human Resource UNIT NAME: Human Resource ASSIGNMENT NAME: To achieve goals of the organization there must be vertical link between business strategy and HR strategies and horizontal links among HR strategies Student Name : Phone Myint Ko Issue Date : August 12, 2012 Submission Date : August 19, 2012 Abstract The human resource of an organization offered the potential synergy for sustained competitive advantage, when properly deployed, maintainedRead More5BIC 4125 Words   |  17 Pagesto explain the role of HR and the link to business management across the different organizational sectors, including an explorative approach to the context of contemporary business, equality and diversity, environmental, technical and governmental developments and its impact on modern business initiatives. Furthermore this paper will examine how these initiatives differ according to sectors in relation business profit, methods of analyzing performance and the influence of HR policies in managing andRead MoreA Global Organization1458 Words   |  6 Pagesbarriers and differences in time zone. Recognizing these dynamics will prepare the organization to operate successfully, when dealing with the similar business globally. I found the four distinct stages of globalization-multinational, international, transitioning to global and global- to be key elements of the chapter. Most companies describe themselves as transiting to Global; which to me raises the question of why would organization not want to share strategies and policies in order to be global. AnsweringRead MoreThe Relationship Between Hrm Practices And Employees Performance From An Islamic Perspective Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesresources and equip them with needed knowledge and skills. To invest on human resources and improve performance, organizations have considered religion and culture as major shapers for employees’ performance at work place. HRM can be defined as the function within an organization that is responsible of recruiting, managing and providing the guidance and direction to employees within organizations. The Islamic perspective can be considered as an influential shaper to people’s behaviors. This researchRead MoreBenefits Of Effective Hr Practices1796 Words   |  8 PagesPatch Two Question: Critically examine the benefits that effective HR practices can bring to an organisation Bhagria (2014) stated that HR practices are functional activities and strategic plans that improve services to employees and increased profitability for the employer. The term best practices refers to actions that are successful methods to get the desired results. In the field of human resources, several best practices exist in all disciplines. However, recruitment and selection, employeeRead MoreHr - Strategic Business Partner10974 Words   |  44 PagesHR as strategic Partner is gaining momentum as being one of the best way yet in making human resources as the most important asset in an organization. Being a strategic partner is understood as a long-term relationship to achieve defined objectives common to all partners. In the context of  strategic human resource management,  the HR function and activities are intended to ensure the organization s financial success. As partners your HR people and employees in the various areas of the organizationRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1572 Words   |  7 Pages The human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performanceRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization f ires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance managementRead MoreCorporate Training And Development ( T / Hrd1367 Words   |  6 Pages1980): - Inbound logistics - Operations - Outbound logistics - Marketing and sales - Service Support activities are those that establish such 5 primary activities, including: (Balderson, 2005, p92) - Management of the administrative - Infrastructure - HR policies and practices - Research Development - Procurement It can be perceived that values, therefore, are any contribution added at each stage of this value chain’s primary activities via boosting support activities. Harrison (2009) abets this perception

Drugs Effects On High School Students - 1484 Words

Drugs’ Effects on High School Students It’s a well known fact that doing drugs as a student leads to dropping out of high school. It’s upsetting to many people that drug use can lead to a failed future. High school students’ amount of risky behaviors make them more vulnerable to the effects of drugs and these effects can damage multiple aspects of the student’s life, including their health, relationships, academics, and their future. A theory called the Problem Behavior Theory examines behavior structure for those at risk of drug addiction and suggests a risk behavior syndrome that includes cigarette smoking, alcohol, and other drug use (Zamboanga, Carlo, Raffaeli 1). Drugs like Marijuana, tobacco, cocaine etc, have a horrendous effect on users, and, unfortunately some users of these drugs tend to be used by high school students. For example, colleagues and Eaton found that among high school students, the number of risk behaviors has increased their likelihood of drug addiction and the experience of its down-spiraling effects. For several decades, the literature on adolescents has shown concern about health risks behavior in which teenagers engage. The drug used the most for boys is Marijuana, and the drug used the most for girls is tobacco. In high school, the excuse â€Å"Marijuana is not bad for you at all’ tends to be used frequently and this logic is false; Marijuana is bad for you, and so is tobacco. Marijuana has short-term effects that include having poor memory andShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing of High School Students1075 Words   |  5 PagesMandatory Drug Testing of High School Athletes Brandon had always wanted to play football for his high school team. He had always been one of the slowest and smallest boys in his grade. While in 8th grade, he was introduced to performance enhancing drugs. He was sold on the fact that they would make him stronger, faster, and maybe give him a shot to make the high school football team. During his first year of taking the performance enhancing drug, Brandon had increased strength and self-prideRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing for Student Athletes Essay966 Words   |  4 Pages In many high schools around the country, student athletes are using drugs. â€Å"The percent of students that have drunk alcohol is 72.5% while the number of students who have used marijuana is 36.8%† (Report: Nearly Half of High School Students Using Drugs, Alcohol). The students believe that since they are athletes that they do not need to abide by the rules because they feel more superior and that the narcotic will not hurt or affect them. Implementing random drug tests for athletes will create aRead MoreIllicit Drugs Have Become A Big Issue In Today’S Society.1430 Words   |  6 PagesIllicit drugs have become a big issue in today’s society. Many schools feel the need to prevent the increasing use of these illegal and harmful drugs. In order to decrease the number of students who are abusing or just using drugs, many schools have adopted drug testing policies. These drug testing policies vary from school to school; however, they all are testing students invo lved in extracurricular activities such as school clubs, athletics, and even students who own a parking pass. Although theRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Drugs At A Young Age982 Words   |  4 Pages Children starting middle school will be experiencing more locker checks these days due to some drugs that officials ascertained over the past year is astounding. Middle school children are getting more access to drugs including, over the counter medicine, alcohol and everyday household products today versus the last decade. It is important because as one gets older, it could be a gateway to much harder drugs like stimulants, narcotics, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens and ecstasy as well as no oneRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing for High School Athletes Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary defines a drug as ‘any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its functions’† (Newton 12). However, when speaking of drug testing for abuse a person is usually thinking about illegal drugs or drugs that can alter athletic performance in sporting events. Mandatory drug testing was not allowed in public schools until June 2002 when the Sup reme Court allowed for public schools to do random drug testing (Carroll 23). This decision allowed for drug testing inRead MoreWhy School Should Be Searched1047 Words   |  5 Pagesfirstly, I think that school should be searched because it would make the school safe. It will make the school safer because it will get rid of drug and weapon in the school. BY searching the school for drugs it will send the drugs to jail and or to drug abuse place to help them. Also by arrested the kid that have drug on them it will teaches them a lesson to not do drug and not to bring them to school. Also you can find there deal and send him to jail for traffic . Over all it would make the cityRead MorePeople Talk About Change All Of The Time And More Often1622 Words   |  7 Pagesnot occur. The majority of people do not take action for any change to happen. Many schools are failing as student’s needs are not being met by the school system. Supporting the changes needed to raise student s in a successful environment need to be addressed by the school board and the surrounding community. By the time college approaches, students realize that they are not prepared for college. These students then scramble to get acclimated to a higher standard of education. They soon learnRead MoreStudent Athletes Should Never be Tested for Drugs1282 Words   |  6 PagesRandom drug testing is starting to become more frequent in schools; especially towards student athletes. Schools have been drug testing student athletes since approximately 1995 and in 2002, the court made it a law that high school athletes must be drug tested. There are several testing methods that use hair, urine, oral fluids, and sweat. Urine testing is the most popular type of testing for drugs. The debate of drug testing student athletes is still on the rise amongst people. Supporters of drugRead MoreAnabolic Steroids: and the High School Athlete1528 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic Steroids: And the High School Athlete Anabolic steroid abuse has become a national concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using these performance enhancing drugs in high school almost double the number using since the 1980s. These athletes feel that steroids gives them the competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past the competition. Steroids have been used in bodybuilding and other sports since the 1950sRead More Anabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Anabolic steroid abuse has become a national concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using these performance enhancing drugs in high school almost double the number using since the 1980s. These athletes feel that steroids gives them the competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past the competition. Steroids have been used in bodybuilding and other sports since the

1.1 Introduction. Heavy Metals Are Naturally Occurring

1.1 Introduction Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements and are present in varying concentrations in all Ecosystems. There are a large number of heavy metals. They are found in elemental form and in a variety of other chemical compounds. Those that are volatile and those that become linked to fine particles can be widely imparted on very large scales. Each form or compound has different properties which also affect what happens to it in a food web, and how toxic it is. Human activities have drastically changed the biochemical cycles and balance of some heavy metals. Between 1850 and 1990, production of copper, lead and zinc increased 10-fold. (Nriagu, J.O.1988: CACAR 2003). And waste incinerators. The pioneer heavy metals of worry†¦show more content†¦Allergies are not uncommon and reiterate long-term contact with some metals or their compounds may even cause cancer (Takala, J., 1999) {International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre 1999}. For some heavy metals, toxic levels can be just on top of the background concentrations naturally found in nature. Therefore, it is important for us to inform ourselves about the heavy metals and to take protective measures against excessive exposition. In most accessories in the United States, heavy metal toxicity is an unfamiliar medical condition; however, it is a clinically significant condition when it does occur. If unrecognized or inappropriately treated, poisoning can result in significant illness and reduced fineness of life (Ferner D.J., 2001). For persons who suspicious that they or somebody in their household might have heavy metal toxicity, testing is fundamental. Appropriate conventional and natural medical procedures may need to be pursued (Dupler, D., 2001). The association of symptoms indicative of acute toxicity is not tricky to recognize because the symptoms are usually heavy, rapid in onset, and associated with a known exposition or ingestion (Ferner D.J.,2001) cramping, nausea, and vomiting; pain; sweating; headaches; difficulty breathing; weaken cognitive, motor, and language skills; mania; andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Environmental Pollution971 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 Environmental Pollution For many centuries, environmental pollution had been a fact of life but it transforms to a real problem when industrial revolution began. Environmental pollution is described to be the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected according to Kemp (1998). Wikipedia (2008) defined Pollution to be an introduction of contaminants into the environment thatRead MoreBasic Necessities Required For Sustaining Life2226 Words   |  9 Pages1.1 ESSENTIAL OF WATER Water is one of the basic necessities required for sustaining life. Human survival as well as industrial development could not be possible without adequate supply of water. It is therefore not a surprise that water has occupied an important position in the activities of mankind. The fate of tribes and nations, cities and civilizations has been determined by drought or floods and by abundance or scarcity of water supply since from the earliest days of mankind. Thus there isRead MoreThe Importance of a Secure Energy Supply for the Future826 Words   |  3 Pages1.1 Introduction Secure energy supply is vital to our modern world. As the economy and world population grow, the consumption of energy is larger than ever. Energy shortage is one of the most concerned social and economical issues to our society. Both industrial and domestic lives rely on the energy provided by energy sources from one form or anther. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are the most produced and used energy sources. Mining technologies are required to obtain the raw materials of theseRead Moreâ€Å"Dwarf Santan (Ixora Coccinea) as a Phytoremediation Agent in Lead (Ii) Contaminated Soil†4531 Words   |  19 PagesPage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... ..1 Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........3 Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 Chapter 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5-8 Introduction Background of the Study Statement of the problem Scope and Delimitation Significance of the Study Chapter 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....9-14 Review of Related Literature Chapter 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......15 Methodology ChapterRead MoreDeclaration And Recommendation : Declaration Of The Requirements For The Award Of Master Of Science Degree Of Environmental And9605 Words   |  39 PagesHEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN TISSUES OF COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED FISH (Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis, Protopterus aethiopicus, Clarias gariepinus) FROM LAKE BARINGO, KENYA MBUTHIA JUDY WANJIRU Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of Master of Science Degree of Environmental and Occupational Health of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2015 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION DECLARATION This thesis is my original workRead MoreFracking For Oil And Natural Gas2240 Words   |  9 PagesASSIGNMENT #13 Fracking for Oil and Natural Gas WRITTEN BY MOSOPE ODUWOLE 250817380 moduwol@uwo.ca â€Æ' Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL OIL 3 â€Æ' 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL OIL For centuries, oil and natural gas have been drilled and mined using conventional means, by digging in oil rich sandstones, conventional rocks. Due to the permeability of these rocks, it is easy for the oil and gas to flow to the surface from wellRead MoreContamination of the Turag River19368 Words   |  78 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Bangladesh is known as the land of the rivers. Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh is surrounded by the rivers-Turag, Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Balu and Shitalakhya. A number of canals are connected to these rivers, which form a river canal network system. There are both residential and industrial units besides these rivers which are prime source of pollution of these rivers. The untreated waste water discharges by the industries cause serious pollution. BesidesRead MoreUnitary and Modular Organisms: Their Response to Environmental Changes and Perturbation15566 Words   |  23 Pagesthe impact of the stress applied to them. In conclusion, unitary animals adjust faster than modular organism because they communicate and work with each other but modular organisms have unique ways of adjusting to environmental changes as well. Introduction Ecology was coined by Ernest Haeckel back in 1869. It was derived from two Latin words originally â€Å"Oikos† † which mean house or place to live and â€Å"Logos† that means a discussion or study. Literally, ecology means the study of organism â€Å"at home†Read MoreThe Depositional Environment, Petrology, Mineralogy, Structure, Exploration and Processing of Oil in the Greater Green River Basin3236 Words   |  13 PagesThere are also some studies that point to high primary production of organic material leading to the anoxic conditions under which these sediments have been deposited (Pedersen and Calvert, 1990). Gamma logging was also used to measure the naturally occurring radiation in the Green River Formation. In the case of the Green River Formation high gamma radiation values indicated that clastic mudstone facies were present in depths ranging from 244-250 meters. Lower gamma values show that calcareous mudstoneRead MoreLife Cycle Analysis ( Lca )3001 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction to Life Cycle Analysis Life cycle analysis (LCA) provides a systematic evaluation of a system/industry to improve through implementing more efficient and ecological design and developmental techniques, ecological and social positive development, eliminating wastes, decreasing deleterious inputs and outputs, and pollution prevention as well as reevaluating ethical and social impacts afflicted through practices. Taking a â€Å"less harm† approach is often the first step in evaluating

Purpose of Management Accounting

Questions: Indicate the main purposes of management accounting and its relevance to the management of organisations. Evaluate the main cost structures of organisations and methods of their calculation. Determine appropriate methods of calculating break-even, profitability and capital input costs. Answers: Management Accounting 1. Purpose of Management Accounting The purpose of management accounting is to plan for the future needs of the organization through using the financial information and to make the managerial decision through using the knowledge and skill (Drury, 2013). It creates value to the stakeholders of the organization while maintaining an unwavering commitment to ethical values. Through using the techniques (planning, budgeting, forecasting, etc.) of management accounting, management accountant tries to assess the risk of the business and implement strategies on the basis of that assessment (Klemstine and Maher, 2014). In present business world, it has become so critical to manage the business operation. Planning: In the business organization, management accounting is applied to make future plan for the organization through using the available financial information (Seal, 2015). The preliminary purpose of management accounting is to plan the budgets and to implement the strategies for improving the profitability position of the organization (Weetman, 2010). Long run planning is called strategic planning normally time periods of 5 years or 10 years. Such as, if the organization expects to grow the sales by 12% per year for the next 10 years, management accounting helps to forecast the cash flow. Directing and Motivating: The purpose of management accounting is to directing and motivating the staffs and workers. The role of management accountant is to work as liaisons between the employees and top level management to provide answers of question and to help in solving the problem (Wilks and Burke, 2008). Analyzing: Analysis of information is the basic and main purpose of management accounting. Management accountant tries to find out the problematic areas and develop the solutions to overcome the problematic solution (Horngren, 2011). The information of organization is used to find out the solutions for increasing the profit of the organization. Reports: The plans and goals developed by the management accountant are explained in the form of reports. The reports made by them clearly states the conclusion reached by them and the recommendations for solutions of the problem. 2. Importance of Management Accounting In complex business world, systematic management planning is very much important to achieve the success. Decision making process is an important part to conduct the business operation. Systematic way is required to support the management for investigation, evaluation and verification of the function of each division in decision making to achieve the organizational goals (Bhimani, 2012). The role of management accounting is very much important to fulfill the requirement of the management. Management accounting helps to analyze and to develop reports containing appropriate information for the management and supports in achieving the corporate objectives (Lee and Epstein, 2013). Management accounting determines the goal through using the available information and helps to find out the way in which the organization can reach the objectives (Nixon and Burns, 2012). Management accounting is very much essential to recognize the financial situation of the organization. It gives more importan ce on the decision making process for improvement in future and it helps to prepare the plan for the future. Therefore, management accounting is greatly concerned with the rescheduling of the information provided by the financial accountant. Classification of Cost On the basis of type Direct Cost: The costs which are directly related with the production of product such as material cost, labour cost, etc. Indirect Cost: Indirect costs are those costs which are not directly charged with the production such as salary storekeepers, managers, etc. On the basis of function (i) Production Costs The costs which are related with the production of products and services are called as production cost such as direct material cost, quality control cost, store expenses, etc. (ii) Administration Costs The costs which are connected with general management of an organization are called administration cost such as office related expenses (rent, telephone, stationery, etc). (iii) Selling Costs These costs are occurred for achieving sales of the goods and services. Selling costs are also considered as the indirect expenses (selling overhead). The examples of selling costs are salaries of selling staff, commission, discount, etc. (iv) Distribution Cost The expenses which are occurred for distributing the goods from the production house to customers are called distribution cost such as transportation cost, rent of warehouse, and commission to intermediaries, etc. (v) Research and Development Costs The costs related with the development of new product or for improvement are called research and development cost. C. On the basis of behavior (i) Variable Cost Variable costs are those costs which are varied with level of production within a specified period of time such as direct material cost, direct labour costs, etc. (ii) Fixed Cost The cost which becomes unaffected with the changes in the level of production within a specified period of time such as office rent, monthly salary, etc. (iii) Semi-variable Cost There are some costs which fall between the variable and fixed cost. These types of costs are semi-variable costs. These costs are also called as semi-fixed cost. Semi variable costs are neither perfectly variable nor absolutely fixed with the level of production such as telephone charges. D. On the basis of relevance Relevant Costs: The costs related with the process of specific management decision are called relevant cost Irrelevant cost: The costs which are not related with taking of specific management decision are called irrelevant cost. Such as, the salary of investor relation officer cannot be considered as the irrelevant cost if the management takes regarding new product development. 3. Importance of Cost-Volume Profit Analysis in decision making. CVP analysis helps to manager to finds out the solution of specific pragmatic questions required for the business analysis. These questions are as follows: What will the breakeven point for the organization? Which product is the most profitable for the organization? What situation will be arisen if the sales volume decreases? Is the product will be produced by organization or will be made special order? If the fixed cost of the company increases, what volume of sales is required to cover the increased cost? CVP analysis helps to analyze the relationship between the fixed cost and variable cost, volume, and the profits (Malmi and Granlund, 2009). There are three types of tools of CVP analysis which are described below: Contribution Margin Analysis: According to the contribution margin analysis, the company can compare the profitability of different products offered by them. Breakeven Analysis: Break analysis can help to determine the sale volume required to cover the all costs (Epstein and Lee, 2011). The company can also determine new breakeven point which is required to meet if the company decided to increase the fixed costs. Operating Leverage: It can help to determine the degree to which the organization uses the fixed costs, which magnifies the profits of the organization as sales increase, but also magnifies the losses as the decreasing in sales (Scapens and Bromwich, 2010). The organization can select between a high level of fixed assets and lower level of fixed assets. If the organization replaces the labour with some equipment, the fixed cost can decrease and the variable cost can increase. Benefits of Preparing Budget Budgeting is the process for planning for future expenses and revenue. All the items of expenses and revenues are forecasted in budgeting process. Budget is prepared for future period. When the actual time comes, the budgeted figure of all costs and incomes are compared with the actual budgeted figure. The difference between the budgeted and actual figure is called Variance. The benefits of preparing budget are as follows: Planning orientation Budget is prepared from the short-term view or daily-to-daily business operation. But it also tries to emphasize on the long-term thinking. So, the main objective of the budget is to plan for future. The objective of the budgeting still work though the management of the organization fails to achieve the goal according to the outline of the budget because it focuses at least on the competitive and financial position of the organization and on the improvement (Seal, Garrison and Noreen, 2009). Assumption Review The process of budgeting helps to identify the objective of business and also to assume the key things regarding the business environment. It these issues are re-evaluated time-to-time, the assumptions will also alter. Performance Evaluation The performance of the worker can evaluated through budget. The company set the goals for a budgeting period and can also promise to pay the bonuses and incentives according to their performance. After comparing the budget and actual report, it can be appraised the performance regarding the progressing to meet their goals. Cash Allocation If there is limited cash available for the investment in fixed and working capital, the procedure of budgeting is very much important to determine the most worthy assets which are required to invest in business operation. Bottleneck Analysis Budgeting process also creates focus on the bottleneck whether to increase the capacity or to shift work. Types of Budget Operating Budget Operating budget is done to forecast the operating expenses related with the business operation. Operating expenses of business organization is generally not changed over the period. If there is any changes happened in operation due to reduction in sales or any other obstacles. The different techniques of budget which can be followed by the company are as follow: a) Sales Budget The beginning part for the preparation of all other budgets is the sales budget. Sale predictions are done which are based on an analysis of past sales and an estimate of future economic prospects. Sales from past years are usually broken down by product line, regions, and sales-people, management tries to accurately forecast future market conditions and demand (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2012). After the forecast is complete, management tries to develop strategies and policies to obtain its desired market share. Also, planned sales may be overstated, and so it necessary to revise the sales budget frequently, probably after every month because of changing conditions in the economy. b) Production Budget After the preparation of sales budget, the production budget can be estimated. In preparing of production budget, an important consideration to be kept in mind is the firms inventory policy (Busco, Quattrone and Riccaboni, 2007). The sales budget forms the foundation of for the production budget with adjustments for beginning inventory and the inventory expected at the end of the budget period. This budget depends on three factors: Sales forecast in unit as indicated in the sales budget. Finished goods inventory level that management wants at the end of the period. Anticipated inventory at the start of the budget. c) Manufacturing Cost Budget There are three aspects of manufacturing cost budget which are as follows: Direct Materials Budget: The materials needed for the production schedule are estimated. Purchase is then made of the materials required depending upon production cycle. Direct Labor Budget: In preparation of this budget, production requirements are translated into labor requirements. The labors required to manufacture the product are estimated from the production budget. The standards hours are calculated from past records or past performance and are then adjusted for set-up time, idle time and other time that may have taken place. d) Manufacturing Overhead Budget: The manufacturing overhead budget consists of three important parts, namely: indirect materials, indirect labor and indirect expenses. This budget provides management with ways and means of controlling overhead cost. e) Selling Expenses Budget: Selling expense budget deals with the budgeting of the sales department and involves selling expenses like sales salaries, sales commission, advertising, sale supplies, etc. f) General and Administrative Expenses: The general and administrative expenses are classified into fixed and variable costs so that this budget can be used as a means of controlling these costs. g) Cash Budget: The cash budget shows the budgeted receipts and cash disbursements for a future period of time. The inflows and cash outflows are brought together in a cash budget to show expected cash flows of the company. This summary of estimated cash flows helps the company to plan future cash availability. Reference List Bhimani, A. (2012). Introduction to management accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Busco, C., Quattrone, P. and Riccaboni, A. (2007). Management Accounting. Management Accounting Research, 18(2), pp.125-149. Drury, C. (2013). Management accounting for business. Andover: Cengage Learning. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2011). Advances in management accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Horngren, C. (2011). Introduction to management accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2012). Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Klemstine, C. and Maher, M. (2014). Management accounting research. London: Routledge. Lee, J. and Epstein, M. (2013). Advances in Management Accounting. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Malmi, T. and Granlund, M. (2009). In Search of Management Accounting Theory. European Accounting Review, 18(3), pp.597-620. Nixon, B. and Burns, J. (2012). Strategic management accounting. Management Accounting Research, 23(4), pp.225-228. Scapens, R. and Bromwich, M. (2010). Management Accounting Research: 20 years on. Management Accounting Research, 21(4), pp.278-284. Seal, W. (2015). Management accounting. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Seal, W., Garrison, R. and Noreen, E. (2009). Management accounting. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Weetman, P. (2010). Management accounting. Harlow, Essex, England New York: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Wilks, C. and Burke, L. (2008). Management accounting - decision management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/CIMA.